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2.倒装句
谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。倒装句是英语中一种常见的强调方式,分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
1)全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前,全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能全部倒装。 此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:
(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run等。
例如:Then came the chairman.
主席来了
Here is your letter.
你的信来了
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
例如:Ahead sat an old woman.
一位老妇人坐在前面。
2)部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
(1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
例如: Never have I seen such a performance.
我从未看到过这样的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
直到孩子睡着母亲才离开房间。
注意:①如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
②当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
3)以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
例如:
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
她刚出去学生就来看她了。
4)only 引导的句子
例如:Only in this way can we do it well.
只有这样我们才能把它做好。
5)so, neither, nor作部分倒装
例如: She is a teacher, so is he.
她是老师,他也是。
I haven’t read this book, neither has he.
我没读过这本书,他也没读过。